2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <iostream>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <sstream>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <iomanip>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <vector>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <string>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <map>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <set>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <algorithm>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <numeric>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <iterator>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <functional>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <complex>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <queue>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <stack>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <cmath>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <cassert>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <cstring>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #ifdef __GNUC__
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <ext/hash_map>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #define unordered_map __gnu_cxx::hash_map
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #else
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <unordered_map>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #endif
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: using namespace std;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: typedef long long LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: typedef complex<double> CMP;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: class EllysXors { public:
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long getXor(long long L, long long R)
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	{
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 		if( R-L < 5 ) {
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 			LL a = 0;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 			for(LL v=L; v<=R; ++v)
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 				a ^= v;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 			return a;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 		}
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 		LL a = 0;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 		if( L%2 == 1 ) {
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 			a ^= L;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 			++L;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 		}
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 		if( R%2 == 0 ) {
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 			a ^= R;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 			--R;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 		}
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 		return a ^ ((R+1-L)/2%2);
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	}
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: };
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: // BEGIN CUT HERE
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #include <ctime>
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: double start_time; string timer()
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba:  { ostringstream os; os << " (" << int((clock()-start_time)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC*1000) << " msec)"; return os.str(); }
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& v)
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba:  { os << "{ ";
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba:    for(typename vector<T>::const_iterator it=v.begin(); it!=v.end(); ++it)
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba:    os << '\"' << *it << '\"' << (it+1==v.end() ? "" : ", "); os << " }"; return os; }
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: void verify_case(const long long& Expected, const long long& Received) {
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba:  bool ok = (Expected == Received);
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba:  if(ok) cerr << "PASSED" << timer() << endl;  else { cerr << "FAILED" << timer() << endl;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba:  cerr << "\to: \"" << Expected << '\"' << endl << "\tx: \"" << Received << '\"' << endl; } }
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #define CASE(N) {cerr << "Test Case #" << N << "..." << flush; start_time=clock();
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: #define END	 verify_case(_, EllysXors().getXor(L, R));}
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: int main(){
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: CASE(0)
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long L = 3LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long R = 10LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long _ = 8LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: END
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: CASE(1)
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long L = 5LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long R = 5LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long _ = 5LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: END
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: CASE(2)
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long L = 13LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long R = 42LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long _ = 39LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: END
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: CASE(3)
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long L = 666LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long R = 1337LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long _ = 0LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: END
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: CASE(4)
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long L = 1234567LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long R = 89101112LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long _ = 89998783LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: END
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: /*
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: CASE(5)
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long L = LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long R = LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long _ = LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: END
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: CASE(6)
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long L = LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long R = LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: 	long long _ = LL;
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: END
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: */
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: }
2034908d41 2012-05-20        kinaba: // END CUT HERE